Felista F, Mrosso, Michaela Mhagama, and Raymond Ndomba , trans. 2026. “Improvised Learning Materials and Numeracy Skill Development Among Pre-Primary Pupils in Ubungo Municipality, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania”. International Journal of Education Foundations 3 (4): 824-30. https://doi.org/10.33687/ijef.003.04.00179.